Europe
Currency
EUR
Corporate Tax
21%
Personal Income Tax
48%
VAT / GST
23%
21% + municipal surcharge up to 1.5% + state surcharge 3% (large); effective ~31.5%.
Top rate 48% + solidarity 2.5-5% (effective up to ~60% on very high income).
Standard; 13% and 6% reduced (Azores/Madeira lower).
Dividends
25%
Interest
20%
Royalties
20%
Rates shown are statutory; treaty networks may reduce withholding significantly. Verify against the relevant double-tax agreement.
TSU 34.75% (employer 23.75% + employee 11%); no cap.
Capital Gains Tax
28% (10–14% on real estate)
Inheritance / Estate Tax
10% stamp duty (exempt direct line)
Capital (Net Worth) Tax
0%
Property Tax
IMI ~0.3–0.45%
Rates are indicative headline figures and may omit holding-period exemptions, regional variation, and surcharges. Verify against current law before relying on them.
Treaties in force
~60
Key partners: USA, UK, Spain, France, Germany, Brazil
EU directives apply; withholding typically 5%–15%.
Treaty counts are approximate and change as agreements are signed, ratified, or terminated. Verify the status and withholding rates under the specific treaty before relying on them.
Calendar year
Notes
Madeira Free Zone 5% CIT. NHR (Non-Habitual Resident) regime phased out 2024; replaced by RFI.
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